Object Oriented Programming with Python(code examples)

Welcome to our journey into the world of object-oriented programming (OOP)! We'll explore theory and practical examples to help you understand OOP easily.

In this blog post, we'll break down OOP concepts with clear code examples. We want to make learning OOP exciting and straightforward for you.

By combining theory and practice, we aim to give you a solid grasp of OOP principles. Whether you're new to programming or looking to refresh your knowledge, this blog will make OOP concepts come alive for you.

Pillars of OOPS

Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism where a class (child/subclass) can inherit properties and behaviors from another class (parent/superclass).

  class Animal:
      def speak(self):
          pass  # Abstract method, to be overridden in subclasses

  class Dog(Animal):
      def speak(self):
          return "Woof!"

  class Cat(Animal):
      def speak(self):
          return "Meow!"

  dog = Dog()
  cat = Cat()

  print(dog.speak())  # Output: Woof!
  print(cat.speak())  # Output: Meow!

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods that operate on that data within a class, restricting direct access from outside the class.

  class BankAccount:
      def __init__(self):
          self.balance = 0

      def deposit(self, amount):
          self.balance += amount

      def withdraw(self, amount):
          if amount <= self.balance:
              self.balance -= amount
          else:
              print("Insufficient funds!")

      def get_balance(self):
          return self.balance

  account = BankAccount()
  account.deposit(1000)
  print(account.get_balance())  # Output: 1000
  account.withdraw(500)
  print(account.get_balance())  # Output: 500

Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, even when they are instances of subclasses.

  class Shape:
      def area(self):
          pass  # Abstract method

  class Rectangle(Shape):
      def __init__(self, length, width):
          self.length = length
          self.width = width

      def area(self):
          return self.length * self.width

  class Circle(Shape):
      def __init__(self, radius):
          self.radius = radius

      def area(self):
          return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2

  shapes = [Rectangle(4, 5), Circle(3)]
  for shape in shapes:
      print(shape.area())

Access Control: Python uses name mangling and access modifiers like public, protected, and private to control access to class members.

  class MyClass:
      def __init__(self):
          self.public_var = "Public"  # Public attribute
          self._protected_var = "Protected"  # Protected attribute
          self.__private_var = "Private"  # Private attribute

      def get_private_var(self):
          return self.__private_var

  obj = MyClass()
  print(obj.public_var)  # Output: Public
  print(obj._protected_var)  # Output: Protected
  # print(obj.__private_var)  # Error: AttributeError
  print(obj.get_private_var())  # Output: Private

Conclusion:

In conclusion, mastering Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Python, including Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Access Control, equips you with the tools to create organized, reusable, and flexible code. By understanding these pillars, you can design elegant solutions, model real-world entities effectively, and build robust applications. Keep exploring and applying OOP principles to elevate your Python programming skills and create impactful projects.

Thank you💕💕

Day 37: Object Oriented Programming with Python(code examples)

Pillars of OOPS

Conclusion: